A railway linking Uzbekistan, Afghanistan and Pakistan would be one of the most important trade projects in the region, and Pakistan has been one of its strongest supporters.
The idea
The plan, often called the UAP railway or the trans Afghan railway, would connect Termez in Uzbekistan through Afghanistan to Pakistan, reaching Peshawar and linking to Pakistan’s network and ports. It has been discussed for many years.
Why Pakistan wants it
- Access to Central Asia. Landlocked states would reach the Arabian Sea through Pakistani ports.
- Trade and revenue. Transit cargo would use Pakistan’s rail and roads.
- Regional stability. Shared economic interests encourage cooperation.
- A natural fit with CPEC. Pakistan’s rail and road links already connect north to south.
Where it stands
In 2025, the three governments moved toward a framework agreement and a feasibility study, which was widely reported as a major step. The route, cost and timeline still depend on detailed engineering work, funding and agreement on practical arrangements.
The challenges
- Funding. The railway needs large investment.
- Terrain and engineering. Mountains and long distances raise costs.
- Security and stability. Safe operation across borders is essential.
- Rules and procedures. Customs, tariffs and rail gauges must be aligned.
Why it matters to Gilgit-Baltistan
The north is not on this line, but a busier Pakistan Central Asia trade picture raises demand for every route, including the Karakoram Highway and any future Wakhan link.
The takeaway
The railway is not built yet, but each agreement brings it closer. For Pakistan, it is a long term bet on becoming the trade gateway of Eurasia.